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Jane invites her friends Alice and John over for a LAN party. Alice and John access Jane’s wireless network without a password. However, Jane has a long, complex password on her router. What attack has likely occurred?

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Which file is a rich target to discover the structure of a website during web-server footprinting?

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John, a professional hacker, decided to use DNS to perform data exfiltration on a target network. In this process, he embedded malicious data into the DNS protocol packets that even DNSSEC cannot detect. Using this technique, John successfully injected malware to bypass a firewall and maintained communication with the victim machine and C&C server.
What is the technique employed by John to bypass the firewall?

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There have been concerns in your network that the wireless network component is not sufficiently secure. You perform a vulnerability scan of the wireless network and find that it is using an old encryption protocol that was designed to mimic wired encryption.
What encryption protocol is being used?

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You are a cybersecurity specialist at CloudTech Inc., a company providing cloud-based services. You are managing a project for a client who wants to migrate their sensitive data to a public cloud service. To comply with regulatory requirements, the client insists on maintaining full control over the encryption keys even when the data is at rest on the cloud. Which of the following practices should you implement to meet this requirement?

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In an advanced persistent threat scenario, an adversary follows a detailed set of procedures in the cyber kill chain. During one such instance, the adversary has successfully gained access to a corporate network and now attempts to obfuscate malicious traffic within legitimate network traffic. Which of the following actions would most likely be part of the adversary's current procedures?

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As a part of an ethical hacking exercise, an attacker is probing a target network that is suspected to employ various honeypot systems for security. The attacker needs to detect and bypass these honeypots without alerting the target. The attacker decides to utilize a suite of techniques. Which of the following techniques would NOT assist in detecting a honeypot?

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A skilled ethical hacker was assigned to perform a thorough OS discovery on a potential target. They decided to adopt an advanced fingerprinting technique and sent a TCP packet to an open TCP port with specific flags enabled. Upon receiving the reply, they noticed the flags were SYN and ECN-Echo. Which test did the ethical hacker conduct and why was this specific approach adopted?

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Jane, an ethical hacker, is testing a target organization’s web server and website to identify security loopholes. In this process, she copied the entire website and its content on a local drive to view the complete profile of the site’s directory structure, file structure, external links, images, web pages, and so on. This information helps Jane map the website’s directories and gain valuable information.
What is the attack technique employed by Jane in the above scenario?

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In an intricate web application architecture using an Oracle database, you, as a security analyst, have identified a potential SQL Injection attack surface. The database consists of 'x' tables, each with 'y' columns. Each table contains 'z' records. An attacker, well-versed in SQLi techniques, crafts 'u' SQL payloads, each attempting to extract maximum data from the database. The payloads include 'UNION SELECT' statements and 'DBMS_XSLPROCESSOR.READ2CLOB' to read sensitive files. The attacker aims to maximize the total data extracted 'E=xyz*u'. Assuming 'x=4', 'y=2', and varying 'z' and 'u', which situation is likely to result in the highest extracted data volume?

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A large enterprise has been experiencing sporadic system crashes and instability, resulting in limited access to its web services. The security team suspects it could be a result of a Denial of Service (DoS) attack. A significant increase in traffic was noticed in the network logs, with patterns suggesting packet sizes exceeding the prescribed size limit. Which among the following DoS attack techniques best describes this scenario?

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Your company has been receiving regular alerts from its IDS about potential intrusions. On further investigation, you notice that these alerts have been false positives triggered by certain goodware files. In response, you are planning to enhance the IDS with YARA rules, reducing these false positives while improving the detection of real threats. Based on the scenario and the principles of YARA and IDS, which of the following strategies would best serve your purpose?

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Jake, a network security specialist, is trying to prevent network-level session hijacking attacks in his company. While studying different types of such attacks, he learns about a technique where an attacker inserts their machine into the communication between a client and a server, making it seem like the packets are flowing through the original path. This technique is primarily used to reroute the packets. Which of the following types of network-level session hijacking attacks is Jake studying?

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Given the complexities of an organization’s network infrastructure, a threat actor has exploited an unidentified vulnerability, leading to a major data breach. As a Certified Ethical Hacker (CEH). you are tasked with enhancing the organization's security stance. To ensure a comprehensive security defense, you recommend a certain security strategy. Which of the following best represents the strategy you would likely suggest and why?

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As a cybersecurity professional, you are responsible for securing a high-traffic web application that uses MySQL as its backend database. Recently, there has been a surge of unauthorized login attempts, and you suspect that a seasoned black-hat hacker is behind them. This hacker has shown proficiency in SQL Injection and appears to be using the 'UNION' SQL keyword to trick the login process into returning additional data. However, your application’s security measures include filtering special characters in user inputs, a method usually effective against such attacks. In this challenging environment, if the hacker still intends to exploit this SQL Injection vulnerability, which strategy is he most likely to employ?

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You're the security manager for a tech company that uses a database to store sensitive customer data. You have implemented countermeasures against SQL injection attacks. Recently, you noticed some suspicious activities and suspect an attacker is using SQL injection techniques. The attacker is believed to use different forms of payloads in his SQL queries. In the case of a successful SQL injection attack, which of the following payloads would have the most significant impact?

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A malicious user has acquired a Ticket Granting Service from the domain controller using a valid user's Ticket Granting Ticket in a Kerberoasting attack. He exhorted the TGS tickets from memory for offline cracking. But the attacker was stopped before he could complete his attack. The system administrator needs to investigate and remediate the potential breach. What should be the immediate step the system administrator takes?

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You are a cybersecurity consultant for a healthcare organization that utilizes Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) devices, such as connected insulin pumps and heart rate monitors, to provide improved patientcare. Recently, the organization has been targeted by ransomware attacks. While the IT infrastructure was unaffected due to robust security measures, they are worried that the IoMT devices could be potential entry points for future attacks. What would be your main recommendation to protect these devices from such threats?

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You are a cybersecurity consultant for a global organization. The organization has adopted a Bring Your Own Device (BYOD)policy, but they have recently experienced a phishing incident where an employee's device was compromised. In the investigation, you discovered that the phishing attack occurred through a third-party email app that the employee had installed. Given the need to balance security and user autonomy under the BYOD policy, how should the organization mitigate the risk of such incidents? Moreover, consider a measure that would prevent similar attacks without overly restricting the use of personal devices.

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An organization is performing a vulnerability assessment for mitigating threats. James, a pen tester, scanned the organization by building an inventory of the protocols found on the organization’s machines to detect which ports are attached to services such as an email server, a web server, or a database server. After identifying the services, he selected the vulnerabilities on each machine and started executing only the relevant tests.
What is the type of vulnerability assessment solution that James employed in the above scenario?

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XYZ company recently discovered a potential vulnerability on their network, originating from misconfigurations. It was found that some of their host servers had enabled debugging functions and unknown users were granted administrative permissions. As a Certified Ethical Hacker, what would be the most potent risk associated with this misconfiguration?

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An organization suspects a persistent threat from a cybercriminal. They hire an ethical hacker, John, to evaluate their system security. John identifies several vulnerabilities and advises the organization on preventive measures. However, the organization has limited resources and opts to fix only the most severe vulnerability. Subsequently, a data breach occurs exploiting a different vulnerability. Which of the following statements best describes this scenario?

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An ethical hacker is attempting to crack NTLM hashed passwords from a Windows SAM file using a rainbow table attack. He has dumped the on-disk contents of the SAM file successfully and noticed that all LM hashes are blank. Given this scenario, which of the following would be the most likely reason for the blank LM hashes?

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A Certified Ethical Hacker (CEH) is given the task to perform an LDAP enumeration on a target system. The system is secured and accepts connections only on secure LDAP. The CEH uses Python for the enumeration process. After successfully installing LDAP and establishing a connection with the target, he attempts to fetch details like the domain name and naming context but is unable to receive the expected response. Considering the circumstances, which of the following is the most plausible reason for this situation?

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You are a cybersecurity consultant for a major airport that offers free Wi-Fi to travelers. The management is concerned about the possibility of "Evil Twin" attacks, where a malicious actor sets up a rogue access point that mimics the legitimate one. They are looking for a solution that would not significantly impact the user experience or require travelers to install additional software. What is the most effective security measure you could recommend that fits these constraints, considering the airport's unique operational environment?

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