212-89: EC-Council Certified Incident HandlerDemo

Intellectual property is the broad category of commercially valuable creations of the mind, including copyrights and trademarks.

A Computer Security Incident Response Team (CSIRT) provides coordinated services for handling computer security incidents, including continuous incident-response support for an identified constituency.

Damaging protected company assets through malware requires privileged access to the relevant systems, followed by malware installation; the malware can only be activated after it has been installed.

External threat actors conduct the largest overall share of cyber-attacks. Insider, business-partner, and supplier threats are important risks, but they do not represent the highest volume of attacks.

NIST control analysis distinguishes preventive controls, which reduce the likelihood of threats exploiting vulnerabilities, from detective controls, which identify or alert on attempted or successful security violations.

A middle-level incident is a comparatively serious incident that must be handled on the day it occurs, typically within a few hours. The disclosure of sensitive access-control information by an insider fits that urgency level; a high-level incident instead requires an immediate response.

Vulnerability assessment identifies security weaknesses before they are exploited, making it a pre-incident preparation activity.

Computer forensics proceeds from preparation to collection of evidence, examination of the collected data, analysis of the extracted information, and reporting of the results. NIST SP 800-86 identifies collection, examination, analysis, and reporting in that order; preparation precedes these activities.

Digital Forensic Examiner, Computer Forensic Investigator, and Computer Hacking Forensic Investigator are overlapping titles for practitioners who collect and preserve digital evidence in a legally defensible manner, analyze malicious activity and its impact, and help establish the responsible party’s intent and identity.

A vulnerability that cannot currently be exploited does not create a present risk because there is no feasible threat action that can realize the potential harm. The situation should be reassessed if technology changes and exploitation becomes possible.

Computer forensics is the discipline of collecting, preserving, examining, and presenting digital evidence from computing systems and storage media in a form suitable for legal proceedings.

Business continuity planning covers preparedness before a disruptive event, sustaining critical operations during it, and recovery or restoration afterward.

Forensic readiness is the proactive capability to collect digital evidence quickly and effectively while minimizing investigation costs. It prepares an organization to preserve, access, and use evidence when an incident requires investigation.

DDoS mitigation can involve increasing available capacity to absorb traffic, prioritizing critical services by disabling non-critical ones, and temporarily suspending selected services to preserve essential operations while the attack is underway.

An Incident Coordinator links the groups involved in incident response, while the Constituency is the stakeholder in the incident. The Administrator restores normal operations; the Incident Manager handles management and political aspects; Human Resource addresses human aspects of a disaster; the Incident Analyst performs eradication and recovery; and Public Relations manages stakeholder communications.

An insider intentionally deleting files from a workstation is a single destructive action. The other incidents combine attack components, such as redirection plus malware infection, machine compromise plus DDoS activity, or malicious-email delivery plus workstation infection.

CSIRT case handling starts with logging the case and notifying the appropriate parties. The team maintains the relevant contacts before disseminating information, ensuring communications are coordinated and authorized; follow-up and reporting complete the case lifecycle.

Compromised systems that an attacker controls and uses as part of a botnet to generate a DDoS attack are called zombies (also known as bots).

Reviewing the processes running on a host can expose suspicious processes, backdoors, or other malware indicators, allowing responders to identify compromised systems and isolate them from the environment. CISA guidance specifically notes that reviewing running processes on a system suspected of compromise can identify potential backdoors.

A chain of custody is the chronological record of evidence collection, possession, transfer, safeguarding, and analysis. It identifies every handler and transfer, providing traceability and accountability that preserve evidence integrity for legal proceedings.

Business continuity is an organization’s ability to sustain or restore essential operations following a disruptive or disastrous event. Redundancy, fault tolerance, and backup and recovery are measures that enable that operational resilience.

netstat -an displays active network connections and listening ports while showing addresses numerically, enabling identification of established connections and their IP addresses.

CSIRT is a general term for an organization that handles and responds to computer-security incidents. Common alternative names include Incident Handling Team (IHT), Incident Response Team (IRT), and Security Incident Response Team (SIRT).

Disgruntled system administrators can pose an insider threat because they may combine dissatisfaction with elevated access to systems, data, and administrative controls.