A security engineer is responding to an incident that is affecting an AWS account. The ID of the account is 1234156789012. The attack created workloads that are distributed across multiple AWS Regions.
The security engineer contains the attack. The security engineer removes all compute and storage resources from all affected Regions. However, the attacker also created an AWS KMS key. The key policy on the KMS key explicitly allows IAM principal kms:* permissions.
The key was scheduled to be deleted the previous day. However, the key is still enabled and usable. The key has an ARN of arn:aws;kms:us-east-2:123456789012:key/mrk-0bb0212cd9864fdea0dcamzo26efb5670. The security engineer must delete the key as quickly as possible.
Which solution will meet this requirement?
ALog in to the account by using the account root user credentials. Re-issue the deletion request for the KMS key with a waiting period of 7 days.
BIdentify the other Regions where the KMS key ID is present and schedule the key for deletion in 7 days.
CUpdate the IAM principal lo allow kms:* permissions on the KMS key ARN. Re-issue the deletion request for the KMS key with a waiting period of 7 days.
DDisable the KMS key. Re-issue the deletion request for the KMS key in 30 days.
A company runs several applications on Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS). The company needs a solution to detect any Kubernetes security risks by monitoring Amazon EKS audit logs in addition to operating system, networking, and file events. The solution must send email alerts for any identified risks to a mailing list that is associated with a security team.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
ADeploy AWS Security Hub and enable security standards that contain EKS controls. Create an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic and set the security team's mailiing list as a subscriber. Use an Amazon EventBridge rule to send relevant Security Hub events to the SNS topic.
BEnable Amazon Inspector container image scanning. Configure Amazon Detective to analyze EKS security logs. Create Amazon CloudWatch log groups for EKS audit logs. Use an AWS Lambda function to process the logs and to send email alerts to the security team.
CEnable Amazon GuardDuty Enable EKS Protection and Runtime Monitoring for Amazon EKS in GuardDuty. Create an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic and set the security team's mailing list as a subscriber. Use an Amazon EventBridge rule to send relevant GuardDuty events to the SNS topic.
DInstall the AWS Systems Manager Agent (SSM Agent) on all EKS nodes. Configure Amazon CloudWatch Logs lo collect EKS audit logs. Create an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic and set the security team's mailing list as a subscriber. Configure a CloudWatch alarm to publish a message to the SNS topic when now audit logs are generated.
HOTSPOT -
A company is designing its security monitoring strategy for an existing sensitive workload on AWS. The security team has identified several scenarios that require monitoring strategies.
Select the correct monitoring strategy from the following list for each monitoring scenario. Select each monitoring strategy one time.
Automatically isolate Amazon EC2 distances when malware detection findings are confirmed.
Correlate security findings from multiple AWS detection services to identify multi-stage attacks.
Detect when privileged users perform an unusually high volume of resource deletion operations.
Identify patterns of more than 50 failed authentication attempts from specific IP addresses in 1 hour.
Monitor network traffic patterns especially large data transfers to external IP addresses outside normal office hours.
Configure VPC Flow Logs with Amazon CloudWatch Logs Insights queries to analyze traffic volume and destination patterns during specific time windows.
A company allows users to download its mobile app onto their phones. The app is MQTT based and connects to AWS IoT Core lo subscribe la specific client-related topics.
Recently, the company discovered that some malicious attackers have been trying to get a Trojan horse onto legitimate mobile phones. The Trojan horse poses as the authentic application and uses a client ID with injected special characters to gain access to topics outside the client's privilege scope.
Which combination of actions should the company take to prevent this threat? (Choose two.)
AIn the application, use an IoT thing name as the client ID to conned the device to AWS IoT Core.
BIn the application, add a client ID check. Disconnect from the server if any special character is detected.
CApply an AWS IoT Core policy that allows "AWSIoTWirelessDataAccess" with the principal set to "client/${iot:Connection.Thing.ThingName}"
DApply an AWS IoT Core policy to the device to allow "iot:Connect" with the resource set to "client/${iot:ClientId}".
EApply an AWS IoT Core policy to the device to allow "iot:Connect" with the resource set to "client/${iot:Connection.Thing.ThingName)".
A company is using AWS to run a long-running analysis process on data that is stored in Amazon S3 buckets. The process runs on a fleet of Amazon EC2 instances that are in an Auto Scaling group. The EC2 instances are deployed in a private subnet of a VPC that does not have internet access. The EC2 instances and the S3 buckets are in the same AWS account.
The EC2 instances access the S3 buckets through an S3 gateway endpoint that has the default access policy. Each EC2 instance is associated with an instance profile role that has a policy that explicitly allows the s3:GetObject action and the s3:PutObject action for only the required S3 buckets.
The company learns that one or more of the EC2 instances are compromised and are exfiltrating data to an S3 bucket that is outside the company's organization in AWS Organizations. A security engineer must implement a solution to stop this exfiltration of data and to keep the EC2 processing job functional.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
AUpdate the policy on the S3 gateway endpoint to allow the S3 actions only if the values of the aws:ResourceOrgID and aws:PrincipalOrgID condition keys match the company's values.
BUpdate the policy on the instance profile role to allow the S3 actions only if the value of the aws:ResourceOrgID condition key matches the company's value.
CAdd a network ACL rule to the subnet of the EC2 instances to block outgoing connections on port 443.
DApply an SCP on the AWS account to allow the S3 actions only if the values of the aws:ResourceOrgID and aws:PrincipalOrgID condition keys match the company's values.
Question 6
Security Foundations and Governance
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Question 7
Data Protection
Question 8
Identity and Access Management
Question 9
Identity and Access Management
Question 10
Detection
Question 11
Detection
Question 12
Identity and Access Management
Question 13
Infrastructure Security
Question 14
Identity and Access Management
Question 15
Data Protection
Question 16
Identity and Access Management
Question 17
Security Foundations and Governance
Question 18
Incident Response
Question 19
Incident Response
Question 20
Incident Response
Question 21
Incident Response
Question 22
Infrastructure Security
Question 23
Identity and Access Management
Question 24
Identity and Access Management
Question 25
Identity and Access Management
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A security engineer wants to evaluate configuration changes to a specific AWS resource to ensure that the resource meets compliance standards. However, the security engineer is concerned about a situation in which several configuration changes are made to the resource in quick succession. The security engineer wants to record only the latest configuration of that resource to indicate the cumulative impact of the set of changes.
Which solution will meet this requirement in the MOST operationally efficient way?
AUse AWS CloudTrail to detect the configuration changes by filtering API calls to monitor the changes. Use the most recent API call to indicate the cumulative impact of multiple calls.
BUse AWS Config to detect the configuration changes and to record the latest configuration in case of multiple configuration changes.
CUse Amazon CloudWatch to detect the configuration changes by filtering API calls to monitor the changes. Use the most recent API call to indicate the cumulative impact of multiple calls.
DUse AWS Cloud Map to detect the configuration changes. Generate a report of configuration changes from AWS Cloud Map to track the latest state by using a sliding time window.
A company needs a solution to protect critical data from being permanently deleted. The data is stored in Amazon S3 buckets.
The company needs to replicate the S3 objects from the company's primary AWS Region to a secondary Region to meet disaster recovery requirements. The company must also ensure that users who have administrator access cannot permanently delete the data in the secondary Region.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
AConfigure AWS Backup to perform cross-Region S3 backups. Select a backup vault in the secondary Region. Enable AWS Backup Vault Lock in governance mode for the backups in the secondary Region.
BImplement S3 Object Lock in compliance mode in the primary Region. Configure S3 replication to replicate the objects to an S3 bucket in the secondary Region.
CConfigure S3 replication to replicate the objects to an S3 bucket in the secondary Region. Create an S3 bucket policy to deny the s3:ReplicateDelete action on the S3 bucket in the secondary Region.
DConfigure S3 replication to replicate the objects to an S3 bucket in the secondary Region. Configure S3 object versioning on the S3 bucket in the secondary Region.
A security engineer is troubleshooting an AWS Lambda function that is named MyLambdaFunction. The function is encountering an error when the function attempts to read the objects in an Amazon S3 bucket that is named DOC-EXAMPLE-BUCKET. The S3 bucket has the following bucket policy:
Which change should the security engineer make to the policy to ensure that the Lambda function can read the bucket objects?
A
B
CChange the Resource element to "arn:aws:s3:::DOC-EXAMPLE- BUCKET/*''.
D
A security engineer discovers that a company’s user passwords have no required minimum length. The company is using the following two identity providers (IdPs):
AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) federated with on-premises Active Directory
Amazon Cognito user pools that contain the user database for an AWS Cloud application that the company developed
Which combination of actions should the security engineer take to implement a required minimum length for the passwords? (Choose two.)
AUpdate the password length policy in the IAM configuration.
BUpdate the password length policy in the Cognito configuration.
CUpdate the password length policy in the on-premises Active Directory configuration
DCreate an SCP in AWS Organizations. Configure the SCP to enforce a minimum password length for IAM and Cognito.
ECreate an IAM policy that includes a condition for minimum password length. Enforce the policy for IAM and Cognito.
A company has hundreds of AWS accounts in an organization in AWS Organizations. The company operates out of a single AWS Region. The company has a dedicated security tooling AWS account in the organization. The security tooling account is configured as the organization's delegated administrator for Amazon GuardDuty and AWS Security Hub. The company has configured the environment to automatically enable GuardDuty and Security Hub for existing AWS accounts and new AWS accounts.
The company is performing control tests on specific GuardDuty findings to make sure that the company's security team can detect and respond to security events. The security team launched an Amazon EC2 instance and attempted to run DNS requests against a test domain, example.com, to generate a DNS finding. However, the GuardDuty finding was never created in the Security Hub delegated administrator account.
Why was the finding was not created in the Security Hub delegated administrator account?
AVPC flow logs were not turned on for the VPC where the EC2 instance was launched.
BThe VPC where the EC2 instance was launched had the DHCP option configured for a custom OpenDNS resolver.
CThe GuardDuty integration with Security Hub was never activated in the AWS account where the finding was generated.
DCross-Region aggregation in Security Hub was not configured.
A company uses Amazon API Gateway to present REST APIs to users. An API developer wants to analyze API access patterns without the need to parse the log files.
Which combination of steps will meet these requirements with the LEAST effort? (Choose two.)
AConfigure access logging for the required API stage.
BConfigure an AWS CloudTrail trail destination for API Gateway events. Configure filters on the userIdentity, userAgent, and sourceIPAddress fields.
CConfigure an Amazon S3 destination for API Gateway logs. Run Amazon Athena queries to analyze API access information.
DUse Amazon CloudWatch Logs Insights to analyze API access information.
ESelect the Enable Detailed CloudWatch Metrics option on the required API stage.
A security team manages a company's AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) customer managed keys. Only members of the security learn can administer the KMS keys. The company’s application team has a software process that needs temporary access to the keys occasionally. The security team needs to provide the application team's software process with access to the keys.
Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?
AExport the KMS key material to an on-premises hardware security module (HSM). Give the application team access to the key material.
BEdit the key policy that grants the security team access to the KMS keys by adding the application team as principals. Revert this change when the application team no longer needs access
CCreate a key grant to allow the application team to use the KMS keys. Revoke the grant when the application team no longer needs access.
DCreate a new KMS key by generating key material on promises. Import the key material to AWS KMS whenever the application team needs access. Grant the application team permissions to use the key.
A company is operating an open-source software platform that is internet facing. The legacy software platform no longer receives security updates. The software platform operates using Amazon Route 53 weighted load balancing to send traffic to two Amazon EC2 instances that connect to an Amazon RDS cluster. A recent report suggests this software platform is vulnerable to SQL injection attacks, with samples of attacks provided. The company’s security engineer must secure this system against SQL injection attacks within 24 hours. The security engineer’s solution must involve the least amount of effort and maintain normal operations during implementation.
What should the security engineer do to meet these requirements?
ACreate an Application Load Balancer with the existing EC2 instances as a target group. Create an AWS WAF web ACL containing rules that protect the application from this attack, then apply it to the ALB. Test to ensure the vulnerability has been mitigated, then redirect the Route 53 records to point to the ALB. Update security groups on the EC2 instances to prevent direct access from the internet.
BCreate an Amazon CloudFront distribution specifying one EC2 instance as an origin. Create an AWS WAF web ACL containing rules that protect the application from this attack, then apply it to the distribution. Test to ensure the vulnerability has been mitigated, then redirect the Route 53 records to point to CloudFront.
CObtain the latest source code for the platform and make the necessary updates. Test the updated code to ensure that the vulnerability has been mitigated, then deploy the patched version of the platform to the EC2 instances.
DUpdate the security group that is attached to the EC2 instances, removing access from the internet to the TCP port used by the SQL database. Create an AWS WAF web ACL containing rules that protect the application from this attack, then apply it to the EC2 instances. Test to ensure the vulnerability has been mitigated, then restore the security group to the original setting.
An AWS account administrator created an IAM group and applied the following managed policy to require that each individual user authenticate using multi-factor authentication:
After implementing the policy, the administrator receives reports that users are unable to perform Amazon EC2 commands using the AWS CLI.
What should the administrator do to resolve this problem while still enforcing multi-factor authentication?
AChange the value of aws:MultiFactorAuthPresent to true.
BInstruct users to run the aws sts get-session-token CLI command and pass the multi-factor authentication --serial-number and -token-code parameters. Use these resulting values to make API/CLI calls.
CImplement federated API/CLI access using SAML 2.0, then configure the identity provider to enforce multi-factor authentication.
DCreate a role and enforce multi-factor authentication in the role trust policy. Instruct users to run the sts assume-role CLI command and pass --serial-number and --token-code parameters. Store the resulting values in environment variables. Add sts:AssumeRole to NotAction in the policy.
A company uses AWS Config rules to identify Amazon S3 buckets that are not compliant with the company’s data protection policy. The S3 buckets are hosted in several AWS Regions and several AWS accounts. The accounts are in an organization in AWS Organizations.
The company needs a solution to remediate the organization’s existing noncompliant S3 buckets and any noncompliant S3 buckets that are created in the future.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
ADeploy an AWS Config aggregator with organization-wide resource data aggregation. Create an AWS Lambda function that responds to AWS Config findings of noncompliant S3 buckets by deleting or reconfiguring the S3 buckets.
BDeploy an AWS Config aggregator with organization-wide resource data aggregation. Create an SCP that contains a Deny statement that prevents the creation of new noncompliant S3 buckets. Apply the SCP to all OUs in the organization.
CDeploy an AWS Config aggregator that scopes only the accounts and Regions that the company currently uses. Create an AWS Lambda function that responds to AWS Config findings of noncompliant S3 buckets by deleting or reconfiguring the S3 buckets.
DDeploy an AWS Config aggregator that scopes only the accounts and Regions that the company currently uses. Create an SCP that contains a Deny statement that prevents the creation of new noncompliant S3 buckets. Apply the SCP to all OUs in the organization.
A security engineer received an Amazon GuardDuty alert indicating a finding involving the Amazon EC2 instance that hosts the company’s primary website. The GuardDuty finding received read:
UnauthorizedAccess:IAMUser/InstanceCredentialExfiltration.
The security engineer confirmed that a malicious actor used API access keys intended for the EC2 instance from a country where the company does not operate. The security engineer needs to deny access to the malicious actor.
What is the first step the security engineer should take?
AOpen the EC2 console and remove any security groups that allow inbound traffic from 0.0.0.0/0.
BInstall the AWS Systems Manager Agent on the EC2 instance and run an inventory report.
CInstall the Amazon Inspector agent on the host and run an assessment with the CVE rules package.
DOpen the IAM console and revoke all IAM sessions that are associated with the instance profile.
A company is using AWS Organizations with the default SCP. The company needs to restrict AWS usage for all AWS accounts that are in a specific OU.
Except for some desired global services, the AWS usage must occur only in the eu-west-1 Region for all accounts in the OU. A security engineer must create an SCP that applies the restriction to existing accounts and any new accounts in the OU.
Which SCP will meet these requirements?
A
B
C
D
A company uses Amazon EC2 instances to host frontend services behind an Application Load Balancer. Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) volumes are attached to the EC2 instances. The company uses Amazon S3 buckets to store large files for images and music.
The company has implemented a security architecture on AWS to prevent, identify, and isolate potential ransomware attacks. The company now wants to further reduce risk.
A security engineer must develop a disaster recovery solution that can recover to normal operations if an attacker bypasses preventive and detective controls. The solution must meet an RPO of 1 hour.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
AUse AWS Backup to create backups of the EC2 instances and S3 buckets every hour. Create AWS CloudFormation templates that replicate existing architecture components. Use AWS CodeCommit to store the CloudFormation templates alongside application configuration code.
BUse AWS Backup to create backups of the EBS volumes and S3 objects every day. Use Amazon Security Lake to create a centralized data lake for AWS CloudTrail logs and VPC flow logs. Use the logs for automated response.
CUse Amazon Security Lake to create a centralized data lake for AWS CloudTrail logs and VPC flow logs. Use the logs for automated response. Enable AWS Security Hub to establish a single location for recovery procedures. Create AWS CloudFormation templates that replicate existing architecture components. Use AWS CodeCommit to store the CloudFormation templates alongside application configuration code.
DCreate EBS snapshots every 4 hours. Enable Amazon GuardDuty Malware Protection. Create automation to immediately restore the most recent snapshot for any EC2 instances that produce an Execution:EC2/MaliciousFile finding in GuardDuty.
A development team is creating an open source toolset to manage a company's software as a service (SaaS) application. The company stores the code in a public repository so that anyone can view and download the toolset's code.
The company discovers that the code contains an IAM access key and secret key that provide access to internal resources in the company’s AWS environment
A security engineer must implement a solution to identify whether unauthorized usage of the exposed credentials has occurred. The solution also must prevent any additional usage of the exposed credentials.
Which combination of steps will meet these requirements? (Choose two.)
AUse AWS Identity and Access Management Access Analyzer to determine which resources the exposed credentials accessed and who used them.
BDeactivate the exposed IAM access key from the user’s IAM account.
CCreate a rule in Amazon GuardDuty to block the access key in the source code from being used.
DCreate a new IAM access key and secret key for the user whose credentials were exposed.
EGenerate an IAM credential report. Check the report to determine when the user that owns the access key last logged in.
A company recently experienced a malicious attack on its cloud-based environment. The company successfully contained and eradicated the attack A security engineer is performing incident response work. The security engineer needs to recover an Amazon RDS database cluster to the last known good version. The database cluster is configured to generate automated backups with a retention period of 14 days. The initial attack occurred 5 days ago at exactly 3:15 PM
Which solution will meet this requirement?
AIdentify the Regional duster ARN for the database. Use the ARN to restore the Regional cluster by using the Restore to point in time feature. Set a target time 5 days ago at 3:14 PM.
BIdentify the Regional cluster ARN for the database. List snapshots that have been taken of the cluster. Restore the database by using the snapshot that has a creation time that is closest to 5 days ago at 3:14 PM.
CList all snapshots that have been taken of all the company's RDS databases. Identify the snapshot that was taken closest to 5 days ago at 3:14 PM and restore it.
DIdentify the Regional cluster ARN for the database. Use the ARN to restore the Regional cluster by using the Restore to point in time feature. Set a target time 14 days ago.
A company finds that one of its Amazon EC2 instances suddenly has a high CPU usage. The company does not know whether the EC2 instance is compromised or whether the operating system is performing background cleanup.
Which combination of steps should a security engineer take before investigating the issue? (Choose three.)
ADisable termination protection for the EC2 instance if termination protection has not been disabled.
BEnable termination protection for the EC2 instance if termination protection has not been enabled.
CTake snapshots of the Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) data volumes that are attached to the EC2 instance.
DRemove all snapshots of the Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) data volumes that are attached to the EC2 instance.
ECapture the EC2 instance metadata, and then tag the EC2 instance as under quarantine.
FImmediately remove any entries in the EC2 instance metadata that contain sensitive information.
A company has a platform that is divided into 12 AWS accounts under the same organization in AWS Organizations. Many of these accounts use Amazon API Gateway to expose APIs to the company's frontend applications. The company needs to protect the ousting APIs and any resources that will be deployed in the future against common SQL injection and bot attacks.
Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?
ACreate an AWS WAF web ACL for each API. Include managed rules to block SQL injection and bot attacks. Use AWS Config to detect new resources that do not have a web ACL. Configure a remediation action to provision a web ACL for these resources.
BUse AWS Firewall Manager to create an AWS WAF policy. Configure the policy to include the AWS Bot Control and SQL database managed rule groups. Set the policy scope to include the API Gateway stage as the resource type.
CCreate an AWS Service Catalog product for an AWS WAF web ACL that includes rules to block SQL injection and bot attacks. Use AWS Config to detect new resources that do not have this product applied. Configure a remediation action to provision a web ACL for these resources.
DUse AWS Security Hub to detect unprotected resources and to send the findings as custom action events to Amazon EventBridge. Create an AWS Lambda function for these events to provision an AWS WAF web ACL for the unprotected resources. Include managed rules to block SQL injection and bot attacks.
A company is using Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) to deploy an application that deals with sensitive data. During a recent security audit, the company identified a security issue in which Amazon RDS credentials wore stored with the application code in the company's source code repository.
A security engineer needs to develop a solution to ensure that database credentials are stored securely and rotated periodically. The credentials should be accessible to the application only. The engineer also needs to prevent database administrators from sharing database credentials as plaintext with other teammates. The solution must also minimize administrative overhead.
Which solution meets these requirements?
AUse the AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store to generate database credentials. Use an IAM profile for ECS tasks to restrict access to database credentials to specific containers only.
BUse AWS Secrets Manager to store database credentials. Use an IAM inline policy for ECS tasks to restrict access to database credentials to specific containers only.
CUse the AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store to store database credentials. Use IAM roles for ECS tasks to restrict access to database credentials to specific containers only.
DUse AWS Secrets Manager to store database credentials. Use IAM roles for ECS tasks to restrict access to database credentials to specific containers only.
A company that uses AWS Organizations is using AWS IAM Identity Center (AWS Single Sign-On) to administer access to AWS accounts. A security engineer is creating a custom permission set in IAM Identity Center. The company will use the permission set across multiple accounts. An AWS managed policy and a customer managed policy are attached to the permission set. The security engineer has full administrative permissions and is operating in the management account.
When the security engineer attempts to assign the permission set to an IAM Identity Center user who has access to multiple accounts, the assignment fails.
What should the security engineer do to resolve this failure?
ACreate the customer managed policy in every account where the permission set is assigned. Give the customer managed policy the same name and same permissions in each account.
BRemove either the AWS managed policy or the customer managed policy from the permission set. Create a second permission set that includes the removed policy. Apply the permission sets separately to the user.
CEvaluate the logic of the AWS managed policy and the customer managed policy. Resolve any policy conflicts in the permission set before deployment.
DDo not add the new permission set to the user. Instead, edit the user's existing permission set to include the AWS managed policy and the customer managed policy.
HOTSPOT -
A company is building a web application that needs to authenticate external users across multiple microservices that the company hosts on Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS). The solution must use temporary credentials and minimize the management overhead required to maintain user databases.
Select and order the correct steps from the following list to implement a secure authentication strategy that meets these requirements. Select each step one time or not at all.
Configure Amazon Cognito user pools for user authentication.
Set up an IAM role for each microservice. Grant each role appropriate permissions.
Implement an Amazon API Gateway HTTP API with AWS Lambda authorizers to validate tokens before forwarding requests to microservices.
Create an Amazon DynamoDB table to store user credentials for each microservice.
Create an Amazon Cognito application client to interact with the web application.
Set up AWS IAM Identity Center to give users access to the microservices.
