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Question 1

PromQL

Question 2

PromQL

Given the metric prometheus_tsdb_lowest_timestamp_seconds, how do you know in which month belongs the lowest timestamp of your Prometheus TSDB?

A month(prometheus_tsdb_lowest_timestamp_seconds)
B format_date(prometheus_tsdb_lowest_timestamp_seconds,"%M")
C (time() - prometheus_tsdb_lowest_timestamp_seconds) / 86400
D prometheus_tsdb_lowest_timestamp_seconds % month

Question 3

PromQL

Which of the following is an invalid @ modifier expression?

A go_goroutines @ start()
B sum(http_requests_total{method="GET"}) @ 1609746000
C go_goroutines @ end()
D sum(http_requests_total{method="GET"} @ 1609746000)

Question 4

PromQL

Given the following Histogram metric data, how many requests took less than or equal to 0.1 seconds?

Question Image

A 1
B 3
C 0
D 0.554003785

Question 5

Alerting & Dashboarding

How would you add a text from the instance label to the alert’s description for the following alert?

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A Use "labels.instance" instead of INSTANCE_NAME_HERE
B Use #labels.instance instead of INSTANCE_NAME_HERE
C Use {{ $labels.instance}} instead of INSTANCE_NAME_HERE
D Use $labels.instance instead of INSTANCE_NAME_HERE

Question 6

PromQL

How do you calculate the average request duration during the last 5 minutes from a histogram or summary called http_request_duration_seconds?

A rate(http_request_duration_seconds_total[5m]) / rate(http_request_duration_seconds_count[5m])
B rate(http_request_duration_seconds_sum[5m]) / rate(http_request_duration_seconds_count[5m])
C rate(http_request_duration_seconds_sum[5m]) / rate(http_request_duration_seconds_average[5m])
D rate(http_request_duration_seconds_total[5m]) / rate(http_request_duration_seconds_average[5m])

Question 7

PromQL

Which PromQL expression computes the rate of API Server requests across the different cloud providers from the following metrics?

Question Image

A rate(sum by (cloud)(apiserver_request_total{job="kube-apiserver"})(5m])
B rate(apiserver_request_total{job="kube-apiserver")[5m]) by (cloud)
C sum by (cloud) (apiserver_request_total(job="kube-apiserver"})
D sum by (cloud)(rate(apiserver_request_total{job="kube-apiserver"}[5m]))

Question 8

Instrumentation and Exporters

How would you name a metric that measures GRPC response size?

A grpc_response_size
B grpc_response_size_total
C grpc_response_size_bytes
D grpc_response_size_sum

Question 9

PromQL

What function calculates the φ-quantile from a histogram?

A histogram()
B predict_linear()
C avg_over_time()
D histogram_quantile()

Question 10

Instrumentation and Exporters

What is the best way to expose a timestamp from your application?

A With a constant metric of value 1 and the timestamp as label.
B With a constant metric of value 1 and the timestamp as metric timestamp.
C With a gauge that has the timestamp as value.
D With a counter that is increased to the correct value.

Question 11

Instrumentation and Exporters

What is the minimum requirement for an application to expose Prometheus metrics?

A It must be able to serve text over HTTP.
B It must run on Linux.
C It must be compiled for 64-bit architectures.
D It must be exposed to the Internet.

Question 12

Instrumentation and Exporters

What is the name of the official *nix OS kernel metrics exporter?

A os_exporter
B node_exporter
C prometheus_exporter
D metrics_exporter

Question 13

Instrumentation and Exporters

How can you use Prometheus node exporter?

A You can use it to collect metrics for hardware and OS metrics.
B You can use it to instrument applications with metrics.
C You can use it to collect resource metrics from the application HTTP server.
D You can use it to probe endpoints over HTTP, HTTPS.

Question 14

Prometheus Fundamentals

The following is a list of metrics exposed by an application:

Question Image

What is the issue with the metric family?

A verb label content should be normalized to lowercase.
B Metric names are missing a prefix to indicate which application is exposing the query.
C Unit is missing in the http_requests_total metric name.
D The value represents two different thigs accross the dimensions: code and verb.

Question 15

Instrumentation and Exporters

How would you name a metric that tracks HTTP request duration?

A http_request_duration
B http_request_latency
C request_duration_seconds
D http_request_duration_seconds

Question 16

Instrumentation and Exporters

How would you correctly name a metric that provides metadata information about the binary?

A app_build
B app_metadata
C app_build_desc
D app_build_info

Question 17

Prometheus Fundamentals

What should you do with counters that have labels?

A Instantiate them with their possible label values when creating them so they are exposed with a zero value.
B Investigate if you can move their label value inside their metric name to limit the number of labels.
C Save their state between application runs so you can restore their last value on startup.
D Make sure every counters with labels has an extra counter, aggregated, without labels.

Question 18

Instrumentation and Exporters

What is the difference between client libraries and exporters?

A Exporters expose metrics for scraping. Client libraries push metrics via Remote Write.
B Exporters are written in Go. Client libraries are written in many languages.
C Exporters run next to the services to monitor, and use client libraries internally.
D Exporters and client libraries mean the same thing.

Question 19

Alerting & Dashboarding

What is considered the best practice when working with alerting notifications?

A Make sure to generate alerts on every metric of every component of the stack.
B Minor alerts are as important as major alerts and should be treated with equal care.
C Have as many alerts as possible to catch minor problems before they become outages.
D Have as few alerts as possible by alerting only when symptoms might become externally visible.

Question 20

Alerting & Dashboarding

Which of the following signal does belong to symptom-based alerting?

A API latency
B CPU usage
C Disk space
D Database availability

Question 21

Alerting & Dashboarding

What are Inhibition rules?

A Inhibition rules repeat a set of alerts when another matching alert is firing.
B Inhibition rules mute a set of alerts when another matching alert is firing.
C Inhibition rules inject a new set of alerts when a matching alert is firing.
D Inhibition rules inspect alerts when a matching set of alerts is firing.

Question 22

Alerting & Dashboarding

Which receiver will get an alert when the following alert is firing?

Question Image

Given the following Alertmanager configuration:

Question Image

A team-Y-pager
B team-X-pager
C team-X-mails
D team-Y-mails

Question 23

Alerting & Dashboarding

Which field in alerting rules files indicates the time an alert needs to go from pending to firing state?

A expr
B fire_after
C for
D offset

Question 24

Alerting & Dashboarding

What is the maximum number of Alertmanagers that can be added to a Prometheus instance?

A 1
B 2
C 3
D More than 3

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Topics covered:

Observability ConceptsPrometheus FundamentalsPromQLInstrumentation and ExportersAlerting & Dashboarding

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Know a question that should be here? Contribute to this exam

Which PromQL statement returns the sum of all values of the metric node_memory_MemAvailable_bytes from 10 minutes ago?

A sum(node_memory_MemAvailable_bytes) setoff 10m
B offset sum(node_memory_MemAvailable_bytes[10m])
C sum(node_memory_MemAvailable_bytes offset 10m)
D sum(node_memory_MemAvailable_bytes) offset 10m

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