Which limitations are associated with a traditional Layer 2 switch?
Traditional Layer 2 designs require loop prevention to avoid bridging loops, and their spanning-tree-based control plane can converge slowly after a topology change. VLAN scalability is also constrained by the 12-bit IEEE 802.1Q VLAN identifier, which supports VLAN IDs 1 through 4094; IDs 0 and 4095 are reserved.
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