In an embedded software project, software maintainability is considered critical. Static analysis has been chosen for every delivered software component.
Which of the following metrics is not a maintainability metric typically used with static analysis?
ANumber of Lines of Code (LOC)
BNumber of Function Calls
CMean Time Between Failures
DComment Frequency
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A component has been assessed during a risk assessment and rated as highly critical. Which of the following white-box testing techniques delivers the highest level of coverage and could therefore be used to test this component?
ADecision testing
BStatement testing
CMultiple condition testing
DModified condition/decision testing
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The Technical Test Analyst's Tasks in Risk-Based Testing
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You are working on an internet-banking project. Your company is offering this product to the financial market. For every new customer, some customization will normally be required. To make the product successful, development places a strong focus on a reliable and maintainable architecture. To support architectural reviews, a checklist will be created. Specific sections of this checklist will be assigned to reliability and maintainability.
Which question from the list below should be included in the maintainability section of the architectural review checklist?
AWill the system use n-version programming for critical components?
BWill the user interface be implemented independently from the other software modules?
CDoes the system have user-friendly error messages?
DDoes the password protection of the system adhere to the latest regulations?
A new website has been launched for a testing conference. It contains a number of links to other related websites for information purposes. Participants like the new site, but complaints have been made that some, though not all, links to other sites do not work.
Which type of test tool is most suitable for helping identify the causes of these failures?
AReview tool
BHyperlink tool
CStatic analysis tool
DDynamic analysis tool
You are participating in testing a system in the medical domain. Testing must comply with FDA requirements and is classified as safety-critical. A product risk assessment has been completed, and various mitigation actions have been identified. Reliability testing is one of the test types that must be performed throughout the development lifecycle.
Based on the information provided, which of the following activities would need to be addressed in the test plan?
APerform a vulnerability scan.
BDesign and execution of specific tests that evaluate the software’s tolerance to faults in terms of handling unexpected input values.
CDesign and execution of test cases for scalability.
DTesting whether the installation/de-installation can be completed.
The following characteristics were identified during an early product risk assessment for a software system:
the software system must manage synchronization between various processes
microcontrollers will be used, limiting product performance
the hardware to be used will make use of timeslots
the software system supports a large number of tasks in parallel, which are often highly complex.
Based on the information provided, which of the following non-functional test types is MOST appropriate to perform?
AMaintainability testing
BSecurity testing
CTime-behaviour testing
DPortability testing
A major Caribbean bank generally develops its own banking software using an Agile methodology. However, it acquires and uses COTS software for certain specific components. The bank does not want to become dependent on any external COTS supplier.
As part of the test approach, portability testing will be carried out. Which portability sub-characteristic is particularly relevant for the Caribbean bank?
AInstallability
BAdaptability
CReplaceability
DCo-existence
Which of the following does NOT contribute to more effective review preparation by the Technical Test Analyst?
AEnsure that participants spend enough time during preparation, e.g., by managing checking rate (number of pages checked per hour during review preparation).
BManaging logging rate (number of defects logged per minute during the meeting).
CThe usage of review checklists.
DReview training for the Technical Test Analyst.
A product risk assessment has identified these product risks:
absence of usability requirements
security during online transactions
users’ perceived system performance and user-interface response time
a required availability of nearly 100%
To address the fourth risk, which quality characteristic for technical testing should be included in the test approach?
AAdaptability
BReliability
CPortability
DCompatibility
In consumer electronics, the amount of embedded software is increasing rapidly. The software in high-end television sets has grown by approximately a factor of eight during the past six years. Additionally, the consumer-electronics market has experienced 5–10% annual price erosion. A product’s price is determined, among other factors, by the microcontroller used. Consequently, the use of ROM and RAM remains under substantial pressure in consumer-electronics products, resulting in severe code-size restrictions.
For a new high-end TV project, it has been decided to use dynamic analysis.
Which of the quality goals below is MOST appropriate for this project context?
APrevent failures from occurring by detecting wild pointers and loss of system memory.
BAnalyse system failures which cannot easily be reproduced.
CEvaluate network behaviour.
DImprove system performance by providing information on run-time system behaviour.
Consider the pseudocode below for a customer's cash-withdrawal request from an ATM.
If the customer has sufficient funds in their account
OR the customer has been granted credit
THEN the ATM machine pays the requested amount to the customer
Which of the following test cases would result from applying multiple condition testing, but would not result from applying modified condition/decision testing?
ATC 1: Customer has sufficient funds, Credit has not been granted.
BTC 2: Customer does not have sufficient funds, Credit has been granted.
CTC 3: Customer does not have sufficient funds, Credit has not been granted.
DTC 4: Customer has sufficient funds, Credit has been granted.
Which statement BEST explains how tools support model-based testing?
AFinite state machines are used to describe the intended execution-time behavior of a software-controlled system.
BRandom sets of threads of execution are generated as test cases.
CLarge sets of test cases are generated to provide full code coverage.
DAn engine is provided that allows the user to execute the model.
Consider the pseudocode for the Price program:
Which statement about the Price program identifies a control-flow anomaly present in the program?
AThe Price program contains no control flow anomalies.
BThe Price program contains unreachable code.
CThe Price program contains data flow defects.
DThe Price program contains an infinite loop.
You have been tasked with reviewing the code shown below:
Which defect type should be reported during the code review?
AEndless loop
BUnreachable code
CToo many nested levels
DNo defects should be reported, code is correct.
Which of the following statements is true about tools that support component testing and the build process?
AComponent testing and build automation tools are only used by developers.
BBuild automations tools facilitate manual testing at a low level by allowing the change of variables values during test execution.
CComponent testing tools are typically specific to the programming language and may be used to automate unit testing.
DComponent testing tools are the basis for a continuous integration environment.
Which of the following defect types is NOT typically found during API testing?
AData handling issues
BTiming problems
CHigh architectural structural complexity
DLoss of transactions
At which testing level is performance-efficiency testing most likely to be carried out?
AComponent testing
BIntegration testing
CSystem testing
DUser acceptance testing
A Technical Test Analyst performs several activities relating to test automation. Which of the following is a typical test automation activity performed by the Technical Test Analyst?
ADefine the business process keywords and related actions.
BExecute the test cases and analyze any failures that may occur.
CTrain the Test Analyst and Business Analyst to use and supply data for the test scripts.
DDecide regarding a test automation project based on a business case.
Which of the following statements is TRUE about tools that support component testing and the build process?
ABoth are used to examine source code before a program is executed. This is done by analysing a section of code against a set (or multiple sets) of coding rules.
BBoth are used to reduce the costs of test environments by replacing real devices.
CBoth provide run-time information on the state of the software code, e.g., unassigned pointers and the use and de-allocation of memory.
DBoth provide an environment for unit testing in which a component can be tested in isolation with suitable stubs and drivers.
The system under test is a COTS software system for Project Administration and Control (PACS). PACS is a multi-project system used to control project time—for example, scheduling and tracking—and to manage project productivity—for example, effort and deliverables.
During several stakeholder interviews, the following information was collected:
PACS use is not business-critical. There is no impact such as substantial financial losses or issues with an organization's operational continuity. Its use is non-critical because the software package does not directly support an organization's operational, or primary, business processes. It supports (project) management in the project planning and tracking process. Naturally, users will find it highly annoying if the system “goes down” occasionally. Although this does not have a major impact on the business process overall, the Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF) must still be at a good level for market success.
PACS users generally have an academic education level, but no previous experience with this particular type of project-management software. A large number of users within an organization will use the system.
The system will be used regularly—for example, several times daily by project managers and several times weekly by project employees. This means the system will not be used very intensively, often only for entering data or requesting information. Its use is not considered highly time-critical.
Data is entered online and in real time. The system is expected to run in multiple hardware environments and various network environments. Changes to the operational environments are also expected in the coming period and must be supported.
Based on the stakeholder information, which combination of non-functional quality characteristics should be proposed for testing as part of the test approach?
AReliability and Portability
BSecurity and Reliability
CPerformance efficiency and Portability
DReliability and Performance efficiency
Below is the pseudocode for the Win program:
The bingo program has a data-flow anomaly. Which data-flow anomaly is present in this program?
AVariable “A” is not assigned a value before using it.
BVariable “D” is defined but subsequently not used.
CThe program does not contain any comments.
DIt is recommended to use a variable instead of the hard-coded print results “Win” and “Loose”.
Which of the following constitutes a generic risk factor that a Technical Test Analyst should consider during product risk analysis?
AFrequency of use of the affected feature by end-users.
BComplexity of new technology.
CVisibility of failure leading to negative publicity and potential image damage.
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