Which of the following are components included in the QMS model?
The Quality Management System (QMS) model, based on the ISO 9001:2015 standard, is organized around a defined set of clauses that form the framework of the system: Context of the Organization, Leadership, Planning, Support, Operation (process operations), Performance Evaluation, and Improvement. Leadership (Clause 5) establishes accountability and strategic direction for quality; Planning (Clause 6) covers risk-based thinking, quality objectives, and planning for change; and Operation (Clause 8) governs process operations needed to deliver conforming products and services. 'Performance appraisal' is not part of the QMS model — the model instead includes 'Performance Evaluation' (Clause 9), which pertains to monitoring, measuring, analyzing, and evaluating the performance of QMS processes as a whole, not the evaluation of individual employees, which is what the term 'performance appraisal' typically denotes in an HR context.
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