Which of the following represents the MOST significant outcome of flawed program code that is likely to give rise to ethical concerns?
Flawed program code — whether from bugs, inadequate testing, or poor design — most significantly results in unpredictable program behavior. When results become unpredictable, the software can produce incorrect, unfair, unsafe, or harmful outcomes for end users without warning, which is the core reason flawed code raises ethical issues (e.g., inconsistent decisions, data corruption, or safety risks). Training costs and development costs are operational concerns, but they are not the ethical crux; the ethical concern centers on the inability to trust or predict what the flawed system will do, and the resulting potential for harm to users or stakeholders.
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