Buffer overflow attacks are common. Which of the following statements about these attacks are true?
A buffer overflow occurs when software copies or writes more data into a buffer than it can hold, typically because of missing or inadequate bounds checking. An attacker can exploit this software vulnerability by providing oversized input, potentially disrupting execution or gaining control of the affected operating-system or application-software component. Such memory-safety weaknesses can also compromise confidentiality, so information leakage is not ruled out.
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