In dbt selection syntax a comma is an intersection (AND) and a space is a union (OR), while the + graph operator pulls in ancestors and descendants. The requirement combines two conditions, modified models and models materialized as views, together with their lineage, so a comma-joined selector with + operators on both sides is needed. Option E is the only choice that joins the state and view selectors with a comma and applies graph expansion to both; A lacks the + on the view selector, B ignores materialization entirely, C uses invalid @ syntax with separate (union) arguments, and D separates the selectors with a space, which unions them and selects far too much.
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