QuestionQ104

Modeling, Analysis, and Outcomes

Which of the following models should be used to theoretically establish the causal relationship among variables?

  • A Directed acyclic graphs
  • B Difference-in-differences
  • C A/В testing
  • D Instrumental variables
Explanation

Directed acyclic graphs represent assumed causal structure among variables using directed edges and no cycles. They are used to articulate causal assumptions, identify confounding, and determine appropriate adjustment sets before estimating causal effects.

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